Present Simple Verb Tense

How is the present simple tense used?

The present simple is the tense used to describe actions that are timeless. If the time of the action can be defined, then the present simple tense is used. The time and/or place is stated or understood.
The Present Simple Tense is used in the following situations:

• permanent actions -
• actions that happen on a regular basis
• facts
• statements that are always true
• to state existence
• to state feeling
• static verbs
• general actions

Example	Past	Present	Future
I go to school everyday	x	x	x
I live in New York.	x	x	x
Water boils at 100 degrees Celsius	x	x	x
I love to go to my English class.	x	x	x
This is a pen.	x	x	x

Note: The x prepresents the time of the action.
Note: the present simple tense is also used in other parts of English grammar, such as conditional statements and the future tense.

Present Simple Verb Tense Chart

What is the structure of the Present Simple Tense?

Subject	+	Auxiliary Verb	+	Main Verb	-
-		do - does		Verb in the base form (-s/-es	=

Grammar rules for the present simple tense:

1. In positive sentences the auxiliary verb is not used.
2. In positive sentence the main verb changes form according to the subject.
3. In negative statements the auxiliary verb "do-does" is added after the subject.
4. In negative statements and questions the main verb stays in its base form.
5. In negative statements and questions but the auxiliary verb changes form according to the subject.

Present Simple Tense Chart
-	Subject	Auxiliary Verb	-	Main Verb	-
+	I		-	live	in New york.
	We		=	play	football.
	She		=	plays	outside.
-	I	do	not	live	in New York.
	You	do	not	live	in London
	He	does	not	live	in a big house.
?	Do	I	-	make	a lot of money?
	Do	you	=	learn	English in school?
	Does	she	-	clean	the house everyday or once a week?

Present Continuous Verb Tense

How is the present continuous tense used?

The present continuous tense is used describe an action is happening at the time of speaking/writing or temporary actions. The present continuous tense is also called the present progressive tense.

When using the present continuous tense the verb "to be" is used with the main verb. - ing is added to the main verb.

The present continuous tense is used in the following situations:

• The actions is temporary.
• The actions is going to happen in the near future. The term "near future" is relative to the situation.
• Actions that are happening at the time of speaking/writing.
• Future actions that are planned. The verb "going to" is used when used with words that state the future such as tomorrow, soon, later next week etc.

Example	Past	Present	Future
I am eating dinner.	-	x	-
We are playing a game.	-	x	-
My sister is going to Paris next week.	-	x	-
The girls are not doing their homework.	-	x	-
Are you coming with us to the store?	-	x

Present Continuous Verb Tense

What is the structure of the Present Continuous Verb Tense?

Subject	+	Auxiliary Verb	+	Main Verb	-
-		"to be"		verb + -ing	-

Grammar rules for the preset perfect tense:

1. The auxiliary verb "to be" changes according to the sentence's subject.
2. Add -ing to base form the verb of the main verb
3. Negative Statements -: "not" is added beween the verb "to be" and the main verb
4. Questions - the order for questions is reversed. The verb "to be" comes before the subject.

Present Continuous Tense Chart
	Subject	Auxuilly Verb		Main Verb
+	I	am		going	to the store.
	We	are		playing	ball.
	She	is		eating	dinner.
-	I	am	not	reading	the newpaper.
	You	are	not	cooking	dinner.
	He	is	not	watching	the movie.
?	Am	I		going	to the store with you?
	Are	you		fixing	the car?
	Is	she		cleaning	the house today?

Past Simple Tense

The past simple verb tense is used when:

1. The action happened in the past
2. The action/event is completed /finished at the time of speaking.
3. The time or/and place is stated or understood.
4. The length of the event/action is not important.

Examples:

1. I went to the school.
2. We did not not to the English class today.
3. They did eat lunch at school.

Note:In English, following phrases are often used with the Past Simple Tense to define time:
yesterday last year
last night two years
last month ago
many years ago a long time ago

What is the structure of the past simple verb tense?

Subject	+	Auxiliary Verb	+	Main Verb
		did		verb in the base form

Grammar rules for the past simple verb tense:

• The main verb in the sentence is
  - for regular verbs -ed is added to the verb
  - for irregular verbs see a irregular verb chart V2/Past Simple
• Negative statements
  - The auxiliary verb "did" is added after the subject.
  - "not" is added between the auxiliary verb "did" and the main verb
  - the main verb stays in it's base form, in negative sentences and questions
• Questions the auxiliary verb "did" comes before the subject.
  - the main verb stays in it's base form.

Past Simple Verb Tense Chart
-	Subject	Auxiliary Verb	-	Main Verb
+	I		-	live	in New york.
	We		-	play	football.
	She		-	plays	outside.
-	I	did	not	live	in New York.
	You	did	not	live	in London
	He	did	not	live	in a big house as a child.
?	Did	I	-	receive	a letter in the mail?
	Did	you	-	learn	English in school?
	Did	she	-	clean	the house everyday or once a week?

What are adjectives?

• Adjectives are word that are used to clarify a noun.
• Adjectives can me one word or a group of words.
• Adjectives are sometimes used with certain verbs (such as the verb "to be"). Adjectives are used to clarify the subject that is doing the action.
• Adjectives are used to describe color, material, shape, size, amount, price, quality, origin, personality, weight, temperature, weight, age, direction, etc.

Adjectives usage

• Adjectives are placed before the noun.
• Adjectives can be used with all forms of nouns (see nouns).

Examples:

Adjectives with nouns:

• My teacher is really nice.
• I was teaching in a really big high school, while I was going working on my master's degree.
• The university that my oldest brother is going to is really nice.
• The English teacher gave us a hard project.

Adjective with verbs:

• The teacher is tall and thin.
• Our professor is a really nice man.

Vocabulary Word:

Verb

Infinitive to calumniate

Third person singular calumniates

Simple past calumniated

Past participle calumniated

Present participle calumniating

to calumniate (third-person singular simple present calumniates, present participle calumniating, simple past and past participle calumniated)

1. To make hurtful untrue comments about (someone)

Synonyms

Adjective & Verbs

How are adjectives used with verbs?

There are times when an adjective is placed after the verb. This is more common when the verb being used is a "linking verb". In this case it is common that an adjective is used with with the "linking verb", but the adjective doesn't describe the verb. The adjective describes the subject that is performing the action. Adjectives are not used to describe the verb.

Examples:

• The cake looks good.
• Your hair looks great. Where did you get your hair cut.
• My mother lost her keys.
• The boys play ball all the time.

When using a adjectives and verb together, the adjectives comes after the verb. There are times when one adjective is not enough to describe the noun or the subject that is performing the action. When 2 or more adjectives are used together then there is a specific order of the adjectives that is usually followed. Please see multiple adjectives.

It is important is understand if an adjective is need or if a adverb is needed. There is an easy way to tell. Do I need to define the verb of the sentence or do I need to define the subject that is performing the action.

Example:

• Your hair grew slowly.
• The dog grew angry.
• The boys talk loudly.
• My brother talks big.

Vocabulary Word:

Adjective

xenial (comparative more xenial, superlative most xenial)

Positive xenial

Comparative more xenial

Superlative most xenial

1. Hospitable, especially to visiting strangers or foreigners.
2. Of the relation between a host and guest. To be friendly.

The Order Of Adjective

djectives in a sentence.adjective is placed befectives is as follo

1. Determiner - a, an, her, five, many, much several etc.
2. Opinion - pretty, ugly, smart, cheap, etc.
3. Size - big, fat, thin, tall, large, small etc.
4. Shape - circle, square, tall, short etc.
5. Age - old, young 10 years, a year, a week, new etc.
6. Color - yellow, green, pink etc.
7. Origin - American, English, Asian, Middle Eastern, African, European, Chinese etc.
8. Material - cotton, wood, plastic, cloth, glass, gold etc.
9. Purpose/Qualifier -
10. hat box, sleeping bag, computer table,safe island, football field. (The words in green are the purpose/qualifier words.)

Examples:

1. The big black dog ate my food.
2. I like that pretty green sofa.
3. I want to go to a big, quit, safe.
4. We sleep in a small, pink and green room.

Quote: "Economics is, at root, the study of incentives: how people get what they want, or need, especially when other people want or need the same thing."

The Rules For Using Comparative Adjectives

The Rules for using Comparative Adjectives

How to Use Comparative Adjectives "Than" is usually usually used after the comparative adjective.

-er is added to the end of a 1-syllable adjective

* cold - colder
* small - smaller
* tall - taller

* The winter is colder than the summer.
* The green hat is smaller than the yellow hat.
* Most basketball players are taller than me.

-er is added to the end of an adjective with 2 syllables, if the word ends in -y.

* early - earlier
* happy - happier
* crazy - crazier

* I came home earlier than my sister.
* I am happier now than 1 year ago.
* My friend is crazier than me.

"more" is used for words that have 2 syllables, if the word doesn't end in -y. adjectives that end in -y, change the -y to i and add -ed

* honest - more honest
* difficult- more difficult
* modern - more modern

* The policeman are more honest than criminals.
* The last test was more difficult than the test today.
* Our generation is more modern, than our parents generation

"more is used for words that have 3 or more syllables

* expensive - more expensive
* difficult - more difficult
* comfortable - more comfortable

adjectives that end in -e, only -r is added to end of the adjective

* nice -nicer
* safe -safer

adjective that end in a consonant, vowel, consonant - the last consonant is doubled

* big -bigger
* fat- fatter
* hot -hotter

* My house is bigger than, my sisters house.
* My sister is fatter than me.
* The summer is hotter than the winter.

Vocabulary Word:

puerile (comparative more puerile, superlative most puerile) adj.

Positive puerile

Comparative more puerile

Superlative most puerile

1. Characteristic of, or pertaining to, a boy or boys; confer: puellile.
2. Childish; trifling; silly.

The French have been notorious through generations for their puerile affectation of Roman forms, models, and historic precedents. -De Quincey.

1927. "From the table he had received the gout; from the alcove a tendency to convulsions; from the grandeeship a pride so vast and puerile that he seldom heard anything that was said to him and talked to the ceiling in a perpetual monologue; from the exile, oceans of boredom, a boredom so persuasive that it was like pain,—he woke up with it and spent the day with it, and it sat by his bed all night watching his