Monday, May 26, 2008

The Boys Formation Of English Club Of SMPIT Al - Qalam

The Girls Formation Of English Club Of SMPIT Al - Qalam

The Winners of Spelling Bee Competition in STAY - LISH 1 ( star up your English) in SMPIT Al - Qalam

The Winners of Quick and Smart Competition in STAY - LISH 1 ( star up your English) in SMPIT Al - Qalam

Niken Palmadica as a Master of ceremony in Story Telling Competition

The Quick and Smart Participants from SDIT Al - Muqarrobin took deep concentration while their opponents from SDIT Al - Qalam Smiled

The Participants From SD Pelita Citayam

The Participants From SD Tugu Ibu

The Participants from SDIT At - taufik

The Participants from SDIT Rahmaniyah

The participant from SDIT Al - Qalam wears formal dress in story telling Competition

The boy from SD Pelita Citayam

Fatimah Sirin Told Story about his favorite doll

Shabrina from Al - Qalam told the story about RA. kartini fluently

the participants listened the questions carefully

Mr. Nanang Buchori Gave his speech in reception of STAY - LISH 1

Firdha Aulia As MC in Spelling Bee competition, She looked very Serious

the audiences came to watch the competition

Teachers from Tugu Ibu And Rahmaniyah

some of the teahers talked

Sunday, May 18, 2008

Personal subject pronouns go before the verb

I stayed at home.

You need another blanket.

He wants to buy a new car.

She is studying Catalan.

It barks a lot. (It is used to refer to things, animals and the weather: It is raining.)

We never eat garlic.

You read a lot.

They are good friends.

However, we place the auxiliary verb before subject pronouns in questions:

Can you help me?

Has she got the comic?

Does he write very often?

Personal object pronouns come after verbs and prepositions:

She loves me.

We sent you a letter.

We went with him.

He adores her.

I saw it with my own eyes.

They have just invited us to their wedding.

Margaret believes in you.

We don't like them.

A possessive adjective is followed by a noun:

This is my van.

Your lorry is very big.

His house is enormous.

Her face is beautiful.

Its wing is broken.

Our engagement will be announced tomorrow.

Your son is very clever.

Their work was excellent.

A possessive pronoun is not followed by a noun, that is, it stands alone:

This book is mine.

This pencil case is yours.

Mary is a relative of his.

I've found hers.

Ours need watering.

Yours are bigger than mine.

These are your notebooks and those are theirs.



Exercises:



A. Complete the following table:

Subject pronouns:

Object pronouns:

Possessive adjectives:

Possessive pronouns:

I
___
___
___
___
___
you
___

___
you
___
her
___
___
___
___

___
___
his
___
___
our
___
___

___
___
___
___
(not possible)
___
___
theirs





B. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate personal pronouns and possessives.

1. Mum, have you seen __________ money-box? I'd like to put a couple of coins in.

2. "She met a boy yesterday, and says that she loves __________ deeply."

"__________ can't love __________ deeply! __________ only met yesterday!

3. This is Tom, and this is __________ father.

4. "Is there anything __________ can do to help you"

"No, there isn't anything you can do to help __________."

5. That dog is almost never in __________ kennel. __________ doesn't like __________.

6. Peter and __________ family do not live in London. __________ say that __________ is too big a city for __________.

7. Can you lend __________ __________ rubber, please? I've lost mine.

8. __________ house is very small, but comfortable. We love __________.

9. __________ son is a very bad student, but __________ daughter is brilliant. We wish __________ would study harder.

10. "Please send __________ a postcard when you are on holiday?"

"Don't worry, mum and dad. We'll send __________ one."

11. __________ is raining cats and dogs, so __________ had better stay at home. We can go to the cinema tomorrow.

12. "Where shall I put this book?"

"Put __________ on the table, please."

13. "I've just bought some big ice-creams for lunch, mum."

"Put __________ in the fridge, sweetheart."

14. "Is this __________ pen, Peter?"

"No, __________ isn't __________. __________ is __________."

"Where is __________, then?"

"__________ is on the floor!"

"OK! Thank you."

15. This is a picture of __________ house. We've been living there since 1999.

16. "How do you know that your neighbours are at home?"

"Because __________ car is over there."

17. "Where is __________ sister, Paul?"

"__________ sister is at home. __________ is studying for an exam. Would you like me to tell __________ something when I get home?"

18. "John and __________ family do not live here any longer."

"Where do __________ live now?"

19. "This table has a missing leg."

"Here is __________ leg."

20. "Can __________ give __________ a glass of water, please? I'm very thirsty."

"Yes, of course."

Some, any + -body / -one, + -thing, + -where


The compounds of some and any behave in the same way as some and any, that is to say, some-, in affirmative sentences and, any-, in negatives and questions, although we use some- in the interrogative to offer something, to ask for something or when we expect a positive response, as we saw in the previous unit. Examples:

I saw somebody there.

I did not see anybody there.

Did you see anybody there?

Would you like something better?

Instead of I did not see anybody there, we can say I saw nobody there, but we cannot use two negative words: *I did not see nobody there.

Anybody, nobody and somebody mean the same as anyone, no-one and nobody respectively. No-one can also be written no one.

Any can also mean "every" or "it does not matter which / who":

You can take any pencil.

Anybody can do it. It's very easy.

Let's see the following examples to end with:

Somebody told me you were abroad.

Nobody came to the meeting.

Was there anybody in the house?

I want something to eat.

I don't need anything.

I need nothing.

Would you like something to drink?

Is there anything in that drawer?

I want to go somewhere else.

I didn't go anywhere.

I went nowhere.

Have you seen my car keys anywhere?


Exercises:



Fill in the gaps with somebody, anybody, nobody, something, anything, nothing, somewhere, anywhere or nowhere.

1. I know __________ about this issue that you may find interesting, but if I tell you, you must promise to keep it (a) secret.

2. __________ lives here. There is no water.

3. I spent the night __________ near the beach.

4. __________ could have jumped over this wall, and stole your rake. It's very low.

5. __________ scares him. He's very brave.

6. There is __________ to park here. Let's go __________ else to park.

7. Would you like __________ to wash your hands?.

8. May I have __________ for dessert, please?

9. They took him __________ in
London, and he never returned.

10. Please don't leave __________ behind at home. We'll be away for a fortnight.

11. She needs __________ to love. She's very lonely.

12. They will not sing __________ in this city. They said that they would never come back.

13. There isn't __________ you can do to help them. __________ can help them.

14. We do not need __________ else to run this department. We can do it ourselves.

15. __________ is ringing the bell. Go and see who it is.

16. __________ phoned while we were out, but they did not leave a message.

17. __________ tells me that there is __________ fishy going on .

18. They are looking for __________ to settle down and have children. They want to find a quiet place to lead a quiet life.

19. "Where would you like to stay?"

"__________ will do provided it is a clean place.
20. "Is there __________ at home?"

"I don't think there is __________. Mum and dad must have gone out."

A, an, some and the

A and an are used with singular countable nouns. A is used before consonants; an, before vowels.
A cat
An ocean
An orange bike
Have a look at the following examples:
An hour (Please note that the h is silent; therefore, hour starts with a vowel sound.)
A hot dog (The h is not mute here.)
A university student ("University" does not begin with a vowel sound, but, with a consonant sound. It is equivalent to saying you in English.)
An unusual situation (The letter u has a vowel sound here.)
The plural of a or an is some:
Some cats
Some oceans
Some is also used with uncountable nouns: some milk.
In questions and in negatives sentences, any is used instead of some:
There wasn't any milk.
Has she sent you any photos?
However, when we expect a positive reply or when we are offering or asking for something, we use some instead of any:
Would you like some coffee?
Is there some ham in the fridge, mum? I'm very hungry. (The speaker wants to eat some ham, so he expects that his or her mother will say "yes".)
The is used to refer to things previously mentioned or to refer to something unique:
A man and a woman were walking along the path. The man was wearing a red jumper and the woman, a pink jacket.
I would like to go to the moon.
Some, any and the are omitted when the names express a general idea:
I love bananas.
Milk is very good for children.

Exercises:

A. Fill in the gaps with a, an, some, any or -- (if no article is required).
1. I need __________ volunteer to sweep the sitting-room and the kitchen.
2. Let's buy __________ grapes for the party.
3. May I have __________ water, please?
4. There aren't __________ strawberries.
5. It was __________ easy exam. Everybody passed it.
6. There is __________ lady at the door who asks for you.
7. We don't have __________ coke.
8. She hasn't got __________ friends
9. "Are there __________ trees?"
"No, there aren't __________ (trees). It's a desert place."
10. __________ elephants never forget.
B. Fill in the gaps with a, an, some, any, the or -- (if no article is required).

1. __________ onions aren't in __________ cellar. They are in __________ kitchen.

2. __________ whales and __________ elephants are __________ biggest mammals on earth.

3. There were __________ books and __________ comics. __________ books were broken, but __________ comics weren't.

4. "Could you give me __________ sweets, granny?"

"Of course, love!"

5. I've lost __________ crayons I bought yesterday.

6. She hates __________ garlic, but I love it.

7. We would like to spend __________ week in
Barcelona.

8. __________ pollution is destroying __________ earth.

9. There isn't __________ apple juice left. Let's buy __________ (apple juice).

10. "Did they drink __________ wine?"

"No, they didn't."


The list of irregular Verbs

The following units will be about verb forms and their uses. The list below will be very useful to form some verb tenses. We include it now because it is necessary for you to learn it by heart, or failing that, to have it always to hand.


Before starting to study it, you must bear in mind:

(1) that a few verbs have both regular and irregular forms : burn (burnt or burned), dream (dreamt or dreamed), learn (learnt or learned)...;
(2) that hang is regular (simple past and past participle: hanged) with the meaning of "killing somebody by dropping him or her with a rope around his or her neck";
(3) and that lie is regular (lied) to refer to the act of not telling the truth.

INFINITIVE

SIMPLE PAST

PAST PARTICIPLE

arise
awake
be
beat
become
begin
bend
bet
bite
bleed
blow
break
bring
broadcast
build
burn
burst
buy
catch
choose
come
cost
cut
deal
dig
do
draw
dream
drink
drive
eat
fall
feed
feel
fight
find
fly
forbid
forget
forgive
freeze
get
give
go
grow
hang
have
hear
hide
hit
hold
hurt
keep
kneel
know
lay
lead
learn
leave
lend
let
lie
light
lose
make
mean
meet
mistake
overtake
pay
put
read
ride
ring
rise
run
say
see
seek
sell
send
set
sew
shake
shine
shoot
show
shrink
shut
sing
sink
sit
sleep
smell
speak
spell
spend
split
spoil
spread
stand
steal
stick
sting
strike
strive
swear
sweep
swim
swing
take
teach
tear
tell
think
throw
understand
upset
wake
wear
weep
win
withdraw
write

arose
awoke
was, were
beat
became
began
bent
bet
bit
bled
blew
broke
brought
broadcast
built
burnt
burst
bought
caught
chose
came
cost
cut
dealt
dug
did
drew
dreamt
drank
drove
ate
fell
fed
felt
fought
found
flew
fordad(e)
forgot
forgave
froze
got
gave
went
grew
hung
had
heard
hid
hit
held
hurt
kept
knelt
knew
laid
led
learnt
left
lent
let
lay
lit
lost
made
meant
met
mistook
overtook
paid
put
read
rode
rang
rose
ran
said
saw
sought
sold
sent
set
sewed
shook
shone
shot
showed
shrank
shut
sang
sank
sat
slept
smelt
spoke
spelt
spent
split
spoilt
spread
stood
stole
stuck
stung
struck
strove
swore
swept
swam
swung
took
taught
tore
told
thought
threw
understood
upset
woke
wore
wept
won
withdrew
wrote

arisen
awoken
been
beaten
become
begun
bent
bet
bitten
bled
blown
broken
brought
broadcast
built
burnt
burst
bought
caught
chosen
come
cost
cut
dealt
dug
done
drawn
dreamt
drunk
driven
eaten
fallen
fed
felt
fought
found
flown
forbidden
forgotten
forgiven
frozen
got
given
gone
grown
hung
had
heard
hidden
hit
held
hurt
kept
knelt
known
laid
led
learnt
left
lent
let
lain
lit
lost
made
meant
met
mistaken
overtaken
paid
put
read
ridden
rung
risen
run
said
seen
sought
sold
sent
set
sewn
shaken
shone
shot
shown
shrunk
shut
sung
sunk
sat
slept
smelt
spoken
spelt
spent
split
spoilt
spread
stood
stolen
stuck
stung
struck
striven
sworn
swept
swum
swung
taken
taught
torn
told
thought
thrown
understood
upset
woken
worn
wept
won
withdrawn
written

Friday, May 16, 2008

How to Improve Your Writing Skills

The is offered as a digital home study course so you can learn at home, in your own time.

· Many of you may have gone through the education system at a time when students were encouraged to "write first" and worry about technique later. Sadly, "later" was often a long time coming.

· Some may have been unfortunate enough to have been in a class where the teacher had to spend most of the time disciplining unruly students, instead of being able to teach those who wanted to learn.

· If you're trying to learn English as a second language, you may be finding that your written English needs improvement, even though you can speak and read it perfectly.

· Perhaps you are one of those people who can write well enough, but you just feel that your writing needs some 'polish'.

Whatever your needs, the tutorials will have you writing with confidence!

What's in the Tutorials?

TUTORIAL 1 takes you through all the fundamentals of grammar. Learn how to use the parts of speech: nouns, pronouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, prepositions, conjunctions and interjections. You'll soon understand when to use the different types of pronouns (when to use 'who' and when to use 'whom'); how to avoid common errors of agreement and much more. There are detailed explanations of the form and function of all parts of speech, examples, exercises AND answers.

TUTORIAL 2 covers some of the essentials of vocabulary (so you can sprinkle a few more of the million words in our language into your conversation). Find out what NOT to do as well as how to make the most effective use of your store of words. You'll discover simple tips that will help you work out the meaning of new words, so you'll never be embarrassed in company again.

TUTORIAL 3 shows you how to put all the "bits" together, into sentences and paragraphs, and then deals with everybody's favourite: punctuation! Once you've worked through this Tutorial, you'll have all the confidence you need to write perfectly punctuated sentences. The apostrophe will hold no terror for you!

TUTORIAL 4 examines the best way to write for different audiences and purposes (and gives a few tips about spelling). You'll be surprised at the number of different styles of writing you may need in the course of one week. Learn how to master them all.

Present Simple Verb Tense

How is the present simple tense used?

The present simple is the tense used to describe actions that are timeless. If the time of the action can be defined, then the present simple tense is used. The time and/or place is stated or understood.
The Present Simple Tense is used in the following situations:

  • permanent actions -
  • actions that happen on a regular basis
  • facts
  • statements that are always true
  • to state existence
  • to state feeling
  • static verbs
  • general actions

Example

Past

Present

Future

I go to school everyday

x

x

x

I live in New York.

x

x

x

Water boils at 100 degrees Celsius

x

x

x

I love to go to my English class.

x

x

x

This is a pen.

x

x

x

Note: The x prepresents the time of the action.
Note: the present simple tense is also used in other parts of English grammar, such as conditional statements and the future tense.

Present Simple Verb Tense Chart

What is the structure of the Present Simple Tense?

Subject

+

Auxiliary Verb

+

Main Verb

-

-

do - does

Verb in the base form (-s/-es

=

Grammar rules for the present simple tense:

  1. In positive sentences the auxiliary verb is not used.
  2. In positive sentence the main verb changes form according to the subject.
  3. In negative statements the auxiliary verb "do-does" is added after the subject.
  4. In negative statements and questions the main verb stays in its base form.
  5. In negative statements and questions but the auxiliary verb changes form according to the subject.

Present Simple Tense Chart

-

Subject

Auxiliary Verb

-

Main Verb

-

+

I


-

live

in New york.

We


=

play

football.

She


=

plays

outside.

-

I

do

not

live

in New York.

You

do

not

live

in London

He

does

not

live

in a big house.

?

Do

I

-

make

a lot of money?

Do

you

=

learn

English in school?

Does

she

-

clean

the house everyday or once a week?

Present Continuous Verb Tense

How is the present continuous tense used?

The present continuous tense is used describe an action is happening at the time of speaking/writing or temporary actions. The present continuous tense is also called the present progressive tense.

When using the present continuous tense the verb "to be" is used with the main verb. - ing is added to the main verb.

The present continuous tense is used in the following situations:

  • The actions is temporary.
  • The actions is going to happen in the near future. The term "near future" is relative to the situation.
  • Actions that are happening at the time of speaking/writing.
  • Future actions that are planned. The verb "going to" is used when used with words that state the future such as tomorrow, soon, later next week etc.

Example

Past

Present

Future

I am eating dinner.

-

x

-

We are playing a game.

-

x

-

My sister is going to Paris next week.

-

x

-

The girls are not doing their homework.

-

x

-

Are you coming with us to the store?

-

x



Present Continuous Verb Tense

What is the structure of the Present Continuous Verb Tense?

Subject

+

Auxiliary Verb

+

Main Verb

-

-

"to be"


verb + -ing

-

Grammar rules for the preset perfect tense:

  1. The auxiliary verb "to be" changes according to the sentence's subject.
  2. Add -ing to base form the verb of the main verb
  3. Negative Statements -: "not" is added beween the verb "to be" and the main verb
  4. Questions - the order for questions is reversed. The verb "to be" comes before the subject.

Present Continuous Tense Chart


Subject

Auxuilly Verb


Main Verb


+

I

am


going

to the store.

We

are


playing

ball.

She

is


eating

dinner.

-

I

am

not

reading

the newpaper.

You

are

not

cooking

dinner.

He

is

not

watching

the movie.

?

Am

I


going

to the store with you?

Are

you


fixing

the car?

Is

she


cleaning

the house today?

Past Simple Tense

The past simple verb tense is used when:

  1. The action happened in the past
  2. The action/event is completed /finished at the time of speaking.
  3. The time or/and place is stated or understood.
  4. The length of the event/action is not important.

Examples:

  1. I went to the school.
  2. We did not not to the English class today.
  3. They did eat lunch at school.

Note:In English, following phrases are often used with the Past Simple Tense to define time:
yesterday last year
last night two years
last month ago
many years ago a long time ago

What is the structure of the past simple verb tense?

Subject

+

Auxiliary Verb

+

Main Verb



did

verb in the base form


Grammar rules for the past simple verb tense:

  • The main verb in the sentence is
    - for regular verbs -ed is added to the verb
    - for irregular verbs see a irregular verb chart V2/Past Simple
  • Negative statements
    - The auxiliary verb "did" is added after the subject.
    - "not" is added between the auxiliary verb "did" and the main verb
    - the main verb stays in it's base form, in negative sentences and questions
  • Questions the auxiliary verb "did" comes before the subject.
    - the main verb stays in it's base form.

Past Simple Verb Tense Chart

-

Subject

Auxiliary Verb

-

Main Verb


+

I


-

live

in New york.

We


-

play

football.

She


-

plays

outside.

-

I

did

not

live

in New York.

You

did

not

live

in London

He

did

not

live

in a big house as a child.

?

Did

I

-

receive

a letter in the mail?

Did

you

-

learn

English in school?

Did

she

-

clean

the house everyday or once a week?

What are adjectives?

  • Adjectives are word that are used to clarify a noun.
  • Adjectives can me one word or a group of words.
  • Adjectives are sometimes used with certain verbs (such as the verb "to be"). Adjectives are used to clarify the subject that is doing the action.
  • Adjectives are used to describe color, material, shape, size, amount, price, quality, origin, personality, weight, temperature, weight, age, direction, etc.

Adjectives usage

  • Adjectives are placed before the noun.
  • Adjectives can be used with all forms of nouns (see nouns).

Examples:

Adjectives with nouns:

  • My teacher is really nice.
  • I was teaching in a really big high school, while I was going working on my master's degree.
  • The university that my oldest brother is going to is really nice.
  • The English teacher gave us a hard project.

Adjective with verbs:

  • The teacher is tall and thin.
  • Our professor is a really nice man.

Vocabulary Word:

Verb

Infinitive
to calumniate


Third person singular
calumniates


Simple past
calumniated


Past participle
calumniated


Present participle
calumniating

to calumniate (third-person singular simple present calumniates, present participle calumniating, simple past and past participle calumniated)

  1. To make hurtful untrue comments about (someone)

Synonyms

Adjective & Verbs

How are adjectives used with verbs?

There are times when an adjective is placed after the verb. This is more common when the verb being used is a "linking verb". In this case it is common that an adjective is used with with the "linking verb", but the adjective doesn't describe the verb. The adjective describes the subject that is performing the action. Adjectives are not used to describe the verb.

Examples:

  • The cake looks good.
  • Your hair looks great. Where did you get your hair cut.
  • My mother lost her keys.
  • The boys play ball all the time.

When using a adjectives and verb together, the adjectives comes after the verb. There are times when one adjective is not enough to describe the noun or the subject that is performing the action. When 2 or more adjectives are used together then there is a specific order of the adjectives that is usually followed. Please see multiple adjectives.

It is important is understand if an adjective is need or if a adverb is needed. There is an easy way to tell. Do I need to define the verb of the sentence or do I need to define the subject that is performing the action.

Example:

  • Your hair grew slowly.
  • The dog grew angry.
  • The boys talk loudly.
  • My brother talks big.

Vocabulary Word:

Adjective

xenial (comparative more xenial, superlative most xenial)

Positive
xenial


Comparative
more xenial


Superlative
most xenial

  1. Hospitable, especially to visiting strangers or foreigners.
  2. Of the relation between a host and guest. To be friendly.

The Order Of Adjective

djectives in a sentence.adjective is placed befectives is as follo

  1. Determiner - a, an, her, five, many, much several etc.
  2. Opinion - pretty, ugly, smart, cheap, etc.
  3. Size - big, fat, thin, tall, large, small etc.
  4. Shape - circle, square, tall, short etc.
  5. Age - old, young 10 years, a year, a week, new etc.
  6. Color - yellow, green, pink etc.
  7. Origin - American, English, Asian, Middle Eastern, African, European, Chinese etc.
  8. Material - cotton, wood, plastic, cloth, glass, gold etc.
  9. Purpose/Qualifier -
  10. hat box, sleeping bag, computer table,safe island, football field. (The words in green are the purpose/qualifier words.)

Examples:

  1. The big black dog ate my food.
  2. I like that pretty green sofa.
  3. I want to go to a big, quit, safe.
  4. We sleep in a small, pink and green room.

Quote: "Economics is, at root, the study of incentives: how people get what they want, or need, especially when other people want or need the same thing."

The Rules For Using Comparative Adjectives

The Rules for using Comparative Adjectives

How to Use Comparative Adjectives "Than" is usually usually used after the comparative adjective.

-er is added to the end of a 1-syllable adjective

* cold - colder
* small - smaller
* tall - taller

* The winter is colder than the summer.
* The green hat is smaller than the yellow hat.
* Most basketball players are taller than me.

-er is added to the end of an adjective with 2 syllables, if the word ends in -y.

* early - earlier
* happy - happier
* crazy - crazier

* I came home earlier than my sister.
* I am happier now than 1 year ago.
* My friend is crazier than me.

"more" is used for words that have 2 syllables, if the word doesn't end in -y. adjectives that end in -y, change the -y to i and add -ed

* honest - more honest
* difficult- more difficult
* modern - more modern

* The policeman are more honest than criminals.
* The last test was more difficult than the test today.
* Our generation is more modern, than our parents generation

"more is used for words that have 3 or more syllables

* expensive - more expensive
* difficult - more difficult
* comfortable - more comfortable

adjectives that end in -e, only -r is added to end of the adjective

* nice -nicer
* safe -safer

adjective that end in a consonant, vowel, consonant - the last consonant is doubled

* big -bigger
* fat- fatter
* hot -hotter

* My house is bigger than, my sisters house.
* My sister is fatter than me.
* The summer is hotter than the winter.

Vocabulary Word:

puerile (comparative more puerile, superlative most puerile) adj.

Positive
puerile


Comparative
more puerile


Superlative
most puerile

  1. Characteristic of, or pertaining to, a boy or boys; confer: puellile.
  2. Childish; trifling; silly.

The French have been notorious through generations for their puerile affectation of Roman forms, models, and historic precedents. -De Quincey.

1927. "From the table he had received the gout; from the alcove a tendency to convulsions; from the grandeeship a pride so vast and puerile that he seldom heard anything that was said to him and talked to the ceiling in a perpetual monologue; from the exile, oceans of boredom, a boredom so persuasive that it was like pain,—he woke up with it and spent the day with it, and it sat by his bed all night watching his